Description of Main Predictors for Taking Sick Leave Associated with Work-Related Eye Injuries in Spain.

Recent studies in Spain have shown that males, younger workers, and people involved in manual jobs had the highest risk of suffering a work-related eye injury (WREI). This study aims to assess the predictors of sick leave associated with WREI and to compare them with risk factors of initial injury. A retrospective and descriptive study of WREI that causes sick leave of one or more days among workers from an insurance labor mutual company in Spain was conducted over a period from 2008 to 2018. The variables of the study were sex, age, occupation, and type of injury. A total of 9352 (18.6% of 50,265 WREI) cases and 113,395 total days of sick leave were observed, with an estimated EUR 4,994,009.59 of associated labor cost. The main predictors of sick leave related to WREI were found to be female (highest incidence; 25.9 (95% CI (24.8-27.1))), >55 years of age (highest incidence; 20.5 (95% CI (19.3-21.7))), not working in the industry (lowest incidence; 13.8 (95% CI (13.3-14.2))), and not suffering "other disorders of conjunctiva" (lowest incidence; 5.7 (95% CI (4.7-6.8))). The consequences associated with WREI are worse for female and older workers, despite the main risk of suffering WREI being observed in males and younger workers.

Evolución de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en las comunidades autónomas españolas en el periodo 2008-2018 / Trends in work-related eye injuries in Spanish Autonomous Communities during 2008-2018

Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias en la evolución de las lesiones oculares en el trabajo entre las comunidades autónomas en España. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de los accidentes laborales y las enfermedades profesionales de una Mutua Colaboradora de la Seguridad Social entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas en el intervalo de tiempo de 2008-2018. Se analizaron aquellos accidentes que provocaron lesión en alguna estructura ocular, comparándose la incidencia por cada 100 000 asegurados y el riesgo relativo (RR) de sufrir una lesión ocular en el trabajo. Resultados: Se observó una disminución en la evolución de la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades, aunque con dos periodos diferenciados. El porcentaje de cambio anual disminuye en todas las comunidades hasta el 2013, pero entre 2013-2018 esta tendencia sólo se mantiene en Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Islas Canarias, Madrid, Murcia y Navarra. Castilla- La Mancha fue la comunidad autónoma con mayor incidencia (886.56/100 000) y riesgo relativo de sufrir una lesión ocular (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 - 2.75), mientras Cataluña presentó la menor incidencia (82.25) y riesgo relativo (RR 0.25; IC 95 % 0.22 - 0.28). Conclusiones: Durante el periodo 2008-2018 se produce una disminución en la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades autónomas con un cambio de tendencia a partir del año 2013 (AU)

Objectives: To analyze the differences in work-related eye injury trends among the different Autonomous Communities in Spain. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on a Social Security-affiliated mutual insurance company work injury and illness database for the period 2008-2018 that included all Spanish Autonomous Communities. Accidents that caused an injury to any ocular structure were analysed, and both the incidence of work-related eye-injuries per 100 000 insured workers and the relative risk of suffering an eye injury were compared. Results: We observed a general decrease in work-related eye injuries in all of the communities, although with two distinct time periods. The annual percentage change decrease occurred in all communities until 2013. From 2013 to 2018, however, this decreasing trend was only observed in Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Canary Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarra. Castilla-La Mancha was the Autonomous Community with the highest incidence (886.56/100.000), as well as the highest relative risk of suffering an eye injury (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 - 2.75). At the other end, the lowest incidence (82.25/100.000) and RR (RR 0.247; IC 95 % 0.22 - 0.28) were observed in Catalonia. Conclusions: We observed a statistically significance decrease in the incidence and relative risk of work-related eye injuries in all Autonomous Communities over the study period, although this trend changed from 2013 onward (AU)

[Trends in work-related eye injuries in Spanish Autonomous Communities during 2008-2018]. / Evolución de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en las comunidades autónomas españolas en el periodo 2008-2018.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in work-related eye injury trends among the different Autonomous Communities in Spain. METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on a Social Security-affiliated mutual insurance company work injury and illness database for the period 2008-2018 that included all Spanish Autonomous Communities. Accidents that caused an injury to any ocular structure were analysed, and both the incidence of work-related eye-injuries per 100 000 insured workers and the relative risk of suffering an eye injury were compared. RESULTS: We observed a general decrease in work-related eye injuries in all of the communities, although with two distinct time periods. The annual percentage change decrease occurred in all communities until 2013. From 2013 to 2018, however, this decreasing trend was only observed in Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Canary Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarra. Castilla-La Mancha was the Autonomous Community with the highest incidence (886.56/100.000), as well as the highest relative risk of suffering an eye injury (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 - 2.75). At the other end, the lowest incidence (82.25/100.000) and RR (RR 0.247; IC 95 % 0.22 - 0.28) were observed in Catalonia. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a statistically significance decrease in the incidence and relative risk of work-related eye injuries in all Autonomous Communities over the study period, although this trend changed from 2013 onward.

OBJETIVOS: Analizar las diferencias en la evolución de las lesiones oculares en el trabajo entre las comunidades autónomas en España. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de los accidentes laborales y las enfermedades profesionales de una Mutua Colaboradora de la Seguridad Social entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas en el intervalo de tiempo de 2008-2018. Se analizaron aquellos accidentes que provocaron lesión en alguna estructura ocular, comparándose la incidencia por cada 100 000 asegurados y el riesgo relativo (RR) de sufrir una lesión ocular en el trabajo. RESULTADOS: Se observó una disminución en la evolución de la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades, aunque con dos periodos diferenciados. El porcentaje de cambio anual disminuye en todas las comunidades hasta el 2013, pero entre 2013-2018 esta tendencia sólo se mantiene en Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Islas Canarias, Madrid, Murcia y Navarra. Castilla- La Mancha fue la comunidad autónoma con mayor incidencia (886.56/100 000) y riesgo relativo de sufrir una lesión ocular (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 ­ 2.75), mientras Cataluña presentó la menor incidencia (82.25) y riesgo relativo (RR 0.25; IC 95 % 0.22 ­ 0.28). CONCLUSIONES: Durante el periodo 2008-2018 se produce una disminución en la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades autónomas con un cambio de tendencia a partir del año 2013.

Prediction of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in young and middle-aged healthy workers: The IberScore model.

AIMS: Our primary objective was to improve risk assessment for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in a working population, mostly young and healthy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study to derive a survival model to predict fatal and non-fatal 10-year cardiovascular risk. We recruited 992,523 workers, free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease at entry, over six years, from 2004-2009. We divided the sample into two independent cohorts: a derivation one (626,515 workers; from 2004-2006) and a temporal validation one (366,008 workers; over 2007-2009). Then, we followed both cohorts over 10 years and registered all fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. We built a new risk calculator using an estimation of cardiovascular biological age as a predictor and named it IberScore. There were remarkable differences between this new model and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) (in both the specification and the equation). RESULTS: Over the 10-year follow-up, we found 3762 first cardiovascular events (6‰) in the derivation cohort. Most of them (80.3%) were non-fatal ischaemic events. If we had been able to use our model at the beginning of the study, we had classified in the 'high-risk' or 'very high-risk' groups 82% of those who suffered a cardiovascular event during the follow-up. All the post-estimation tests showed superior performance (true positive rate: 81.8% vs 11.8%), higher discrimination power and better clinical utility (standardised net benefit: 58% vs 13%) for IberScore when compared to SCORE. CONCLUSION: Risk assessment of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in young and healthy workers was improved when compared to the previously used model (SCORE). The latter was not reliable to predict cardiovascular risk in our sample. The new model showed superior clinical utility and provided four useful measures for risk assessment. We gained valuable insight into cardiovascular ageing and its predictors.

Association between caries and periodontal diseases in a sample of employed adults in Spain: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To study whether there is an association between caries and periodontitis in a representative sample from employed Spanish adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study is part of a wide epidemiological survey (WORALTH, Workers' ORAL healTH). Oral examination was carried out in 5130 dentate subjects. Periodontal status was assessed by clinical attachment level (CAL) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) in index teeth. For caries, all teeth were classified as healthy, decayed (D), filled (F), or missed (M), and DMFT index and prevalence of cavitated caries were calculated. ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and regression models were performed. RESULTS: DMFT increased with CAL values, being 7.8, 9.6, and 10.5 for CAL 0-3 mm, 4-5 mm, and ≥ 6 mm, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, subjects with CPI ≥ 3 showed an odds ratio of 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.3; 1.8]; p < 0.001) for presenting cavitated caries, and patients with CAL ≥ 6 mm had 0.8 higher mean DMFT (95% CI [0.2; 1.5]; p = 0.015), and 0.3 higher mean DFR (95% CI [0.2; 0.5]; p < 0.001) than those with CAL < 6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CAL ≥ 6 m mm was associated with an increased DMFT and DFR, and the presence of CPI ≥ 3 was associated with a higher prevalence of cavitated caries in this representative sample. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There is a tendency to present higher prevalence of dental caries among patients with periodontitis. Therefore, common preventive measures in dentistry, such as oral hygiene practices, should ideally include actions aimed to prevent at the same time dental caries and periodontitis.

The association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Spain: Results from the WORALTH (Workers' ORAL healTH) Study.

INTRODUCTION: Evidence of an association between periodontitis and MetS (metabolic syndrome) remains controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between periodontitis and MetS in a cross-sectional population survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: WORALTH (Workers' ORAL healTH) Study is a cross-sectional survey, conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish employed population, including 5154 participants. An oral examination following the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria evaluated the periodontal status using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Clinical Attachment Levels (CAL). Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and MetS, and its individual components. RESULTS: Participants presenting a CPI = 4 were more likely to have MetS than subjects with CPI < 4 [odds ratio, OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.81; p < 0.001]. High blood pressure was the component with stronger association with periodontal status (OR = 1.94 for CAL ≥6 mm; 95% CI 1.49-2.53; p < 0.001). After stratifying for sex, the association was higher in women (OR = 2.20 for CPI = 4; 95% CI 1.31-3.62; p < 0.001). Non-metabolically healthy subjects, obese or not, presented a worse periodontal condition. CONCLUSION: Severe periodontitis (CPI = 4) was associated with MetS in a representative sample of the Spanish employed population. This association seems to be independent of body mass index and other potential confounders.

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Associates with Ventricular Stress in Young Adults and Triggers Intracellular Ca2+ Alterations in Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is associated with cardiac damage and causes injury to multiple cell types. We aimed to investigate the role of oxLDL in ventricular stress. We first examined the association between circulating oxLDL and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a marker of myocardial stress, in young subjects (30-50 years) with or without stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). oxLDL and NT-proBNP were significantly higher in subjects at high cardiovascular risk (CVR) than in subjects at low CVR and were associated independently of traditional CVR factors and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, the levels of oxLDL and NT-proBNP were significantly lower in subjects with SCAD than in peers at high CVR. To determine the intracellular mechanisms involved in the cardiac effects of oxLDL, we analyzed the in vitro effect of oxLDL on intracellular Ca2+ handling in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy. Acute challenge of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes to oxLDL reduced systolic Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load. Moreover, diastolic spontaneous Ca2+ leak increased significantly after acute exposure to oxLDL. Thus, we demonstrate that oxLDL associates with NT-proBNP in young subjects, and can directly induce Ca2+ mishandling in adult ventricular cardiomyoyctes, predisposing cardiomyocytes to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenicity.

COVID-19 and Sick Leave: An Analysis of the Ibermutua Cohort of Over 1,651,305 Spanish Workers in the First Trimester of 2020.

Objectives: The worldwide SARS-COV2 pandemic has impacted the health of workers and companies. The aim is to quantify it according to sick leave. Methods: Using ICD-9 codes, we analyzed Ibermutua records of all sick leaves during the first trimester of 2020, compared to during the same months of 2017, 2018, and 2019. We stratified the analysis by causes, patient sex, activity sectors, and regional data. All sick leaves were adjusted by the number of Ibermutua-affiliated persons in each period. Results: In March 2020, there was an unprecedented (116%) increase in total sick leaves, mainly due to infectious and respiratory diseases. Men and women were equally affected. All activity sectors were impacted, with the highest increase (457%) observed among health-related workers, especially due to contagious disease. The incidences of sick leaves were heterogeneous among different regions. Cost-analysis of sick leaves during the first trimester of 2020 compared with in previous years showed 40.3% increment (mean 2,813 vs. 2,005 € per 100 affiliated workers). Conclusions: The SARS-COV2 pandemic is having a huge impact on workers' health, as shown by data regarding sick leaves in March 2020. This is associated with greater economic burden for companies, both due to the cost associated with sick leaves and the losses in productivity due to confinement.

Description of the epidemiological characteristics of work-related eye injuries in Spain: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of work-related eye injuries (WREIs) in Spain over a 10-year period by sex, age and occupational sector. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on data from workers insured by a labour insurance company in Spain from 2008 to 2018 was presented. The study considered the ratio of the number of WREI per 100 000 population and the relative risk of suffering an ocular injury. WREIs were characterised by sex, age and occupational sector of injured workers. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Ratio of the number of WREI. PARTICIPANTS: In Spain, all workers are insured by a labour insurance company that provides cover in the event of work-related accidents. In this study, we have included all workers insured by one of these insurance companies, IBERMUTUA, with workers in all areas of Spain. RESULTS: The study included 50 265 WREI in the company over the 10-year period. Most of the injuries occurred in males (44 445; 88.4%), in 35-44 age group (15 992; 31.8%) and in industry workers (18 899; 42.6%). The average incidence was 429.75 per 100 000 workers insured and 4273.36 per 100 000 IBERMUTUA accidents (related and not related to eyes). Males, 16-24 age group and industry occupational sector group, have the highest incidence for WREI. The incidence of WREI decrease over the study period in all variables. Males have 6.56 (95% CI 6.38 to 6.75) times more risk of suffering WREI than females. 16-24 age group have 1.77 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.83) times more risk than in the group of workers older than 55. Finally, industry workers have 7.73 (95% CI 7.55 to 7.92) times more risk than services workers. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of suffering WREI is higher for males, younger and less experienced workers, and for those who works in a manual task.

Eye Injuries Epidemiology Description in a Working Population over 10 Years in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Several studies show a high percentage of eye injuries related to work compared to other origins. However, there are few studies that describe work-related eye injuries. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, and longitudinal study that describes the characteristics of work-related eye injuries in a group of insured workers. Eye injuries were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and analyzed over 10 years (2008-2018). RESULTS: Keratitis and conjunctivitis were the most prevalent injuries (26,674 (53.1%) and 15,906 (31.6%)). Keratitis and conjunctivitis also show the highest percentage of injury incidence per 100,000 insured workers in both sexes, any age group, and any occupation. The analysis of the cumulative percentage change and average annual percent change in incidences over ten years shows a decrease in the incidences of all injuries, except for other disorders of the eye and anexa. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the work-related eye injuries affect the most exposed eye structures in any line of work: the cornea and conjunctiva. Suitable protection of these eye structures will decrease the number of cases of work-related eye injuries.

Lifetime cardiovascular risk is associated with a multimarker score of systemic oxidative status in young adults independently of traditional risk factors.

Cardiovascular risk (CVR) tends to be estimated in the short-term, which underestimates lifetime (LT)-CVR of young subjects. We determined whether LT-CVR is associated with a multimarker score of oxidative status in young adults and whether this association is independent of traditional CVR factors. Seventy-two young adults were stratified into: (1) low or (2) high LT-CVR, and (3) stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). CVR was estimated with QRisk and atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) risk estimators, or second manifestations of arterial disease (SMART). Risk score. oxidative damage was determined by measuring carbonyls, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and xanthine oxidase activity. Antioxidant defence was determined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Multimarker scores of systemic oxidative damage (OxyScore) and antioxidant defence (AntioxyScore) were computed as standardized variables. Subjects with high LT-CVR had significantly higher levels of oxLDL, 8-OHdG, TAC, and CAT activity than subjects with low LT-CVR or with SCAD. QRisk and ASCVD estimators correlated positively with oxLDL, TAC, and CAT activity, while SMART Risk Score correlated with carbonyls and SOD activity. OxyScore and AntioxyScore were significantly higher in subjects with high LT-CVR than with low LT-CVR or with SCAD. OxyScore, but not AntioxyScore, was associated with LT-CVR independently of each traditional CVR factor. This study for the first time demonstrates a positive association between oxidative stress and the risk of first and recurrent CV events in young adults.

Prediabetes and diabetes prevalence in the Workers' Oral Health Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between periodontitis, diabetes, and prediabetes, assessed by fasting plasma glucose (FPG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Workers' Oral Health Study is a cross-sectional survey conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish employed population including 5154 participants (59.5% men, aged 16-65). Examination of periodontal status assessed Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). Biochemical determinations included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and abnormal glucose regulation. RESULTS: Ninety-five participants (2.2%) of the study population had diabetes, while 373 (8.8%) presented prediabetes. Prediabetes was not associated with CPI or CAL in fully adjusted multivariate logistic regressions models. Diabetes was significantly associated with subjects having a CPI 4 after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.1). This association was stronger in subjects < 45 years (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-12.7). CONCLUSION: Periodontitis was associated with diabetes mellitus, but not with prediabetes, in a representative sample of the Spanish employed population. The association was stronger for younger subjects, which emphasizes the need for early detection of diabetes in younger patients affected by periodontitis, particularly because periodontal therapy may help to improve glycemic control. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Periodontitis is associated with diabetes mellitus, having at the same time a negative effect on glycemic control. It is important to develop proper early diagnosis strategies for both conditions, particularly in young male adults.

Estimation of Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (IBERLIFERISK): A New Tool for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Primary Care.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a predictive function of lifetime cardiovascular risk, including morbidity and mortality, in a healthy working population in Spain. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. We selected healthy workers, aged 18 to 65 years, with no history of cardiovascular disease, who underwent a health assessment between 2004 and 2007. We used 70% of the cohort to develop the risk equation, and the remaining 30% to validate the equation. Four Cox proportional hazards models were constructed using cardiovascular events and competing events as dependent variables. The same models were replicated for men and women separately. Fatal and nonfatal events were assessed until 2014. RESULTS: A total of 762 054 individuals were selected. The mean age was 35.48 years and 71.14% were men. Significant risk variables in the model included manual occupations, being a smoker or exsmoker, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive treatment, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid-lowering treatment; in men, the model also included alcohol consumption, body mass index, a family history of early coronary disease in first-degree relatives, renal failure, and diastolic blood pressure. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristic was 0.84 (95%CI, 0.82-0.85) in men and 0.73 (95%CI, 0.66-0.80) in women. Calibration showed underestimation in low-risk deciles and overestimation in high-risk deciles. CONCLUSIONS: The new lifetime cardiovascular risk model has satisfactory discrimination and calibration, with better results in men than in women.

Incidence of Diabetes in the Working Population in Spain: Results from the ICARIA Cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to evaluate the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a working population in Spain and to assess associations between its development and several risk factors. METHODS: The ICARIA (Ibermutuamur CArdiovascular RIsk Assessment) cohort (n = 627,523) includes ~3% of Spanish workers. This analysis was undertaken in individuals whose glycaemic status during the index period (May 2004-December 2007) was determined to be normal or indicative of prediabetes [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125 mg/dl] and who had at least one FPG measurement taken 9 months after a first measurement during follow-up (May 2004-June 2014) (n = 380,366). T2DM patients were defined as those with an FPG ≥ 126 mg/day and those who had already been diagnosed with T2DM or were taking antihyperglycaemic medications. RESULTS: The incidence rate of T2DM was 5.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9-5.1] cases per 1000 person-years. Under multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factor showing the strongest association with the occurrence of T2DM was the baseline FPG level, with the likelihood of T2DM almost doubling for every 5 mg/dl increase in baseline FPG between 100 and < 126 mg/dl. The presence of other cardiometabolic risk factors and being a blue-collar worker were also significantly associated with the occurrence of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of T2DM in the working population was within the range encountered in the general population and prediabetes was found to be the strongest risk factor for the development of diabetes. The workplace is an appropriate and feasible setting for the assessment of easily measurable risk factors, such as the presence of prediabetes and other cardiometabolic factors, to facilitate the early detection of individuals at higher risk of diabetes and the implementation of diabetes prevention programmes. FUNDING: Eli Lilly and Co.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares: un reto para la Salud Laboral / No disponible

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Utilidad clínica de un modelo predictivo de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores / Clinical usefulness of a predictive model of cardiovascular risk among workers

La identificación de sujetos con alto riesgo cardiovascular constituye un desafío en población laboral. El proyecto IberScore ha derivado una función predictiva para eventos cardiovasculares a partir de una cohorte de 774.404 trabajadores, sin enfermedad cardiovascular previa y con 10 años de seguimiento. Durante el seguimiento, se identificaron 3.762 primeros eventos cardiovasculares en la cohorte de derivación (6‰; varones 90,7%; media edad=46,9±9,19 años). En el grupo con eventos se observó una presencia importante de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la evaluación basal (tabaquismo 63,2%; dislipemia 20,6%; hipertensión 21,8%; diabetes 7,9%). Los resultados sugieren la utilidad clínica de un sistema de predicción del riesgo cardiovascular desarrollado específicamente en población trabajadora española. En esta población se produce un número no desdeñable eventos y hay una importante presencia de factores de riesgo, que pueden pasar desapercibidos debido al peso de la edad en los sistemas predictivos desarrollados para la población general

Identification of subjects at high cardiovascular risk is a challenge among working population. The IberScore Project has calculated a predictive function for cardiovascular events from a cohort of 774,404 Spanish workers without prior cardiovascular diseases, and 10-year follow-up. At follow-up, 3,762 first cardiovascular events were identified in the cohort of derivation (6‰; 90.7% men; mean age=46.9±9.19 years-old). In the group with events, it was observed a relevant presence of cardiovascular risk factors at baseline assessment (smoking 63.2%; dyslipidaemia 20.6%; hypertension 21.8%; diabetes 7.9%). The results suggest the clinical usefulness of a system to predict cardiovascular risk among specifically developed in Spanish working population. Among such population a significant number of events take place and there is a relevant presence of risk factors, which may go unnoticed due to the weight that age has in the predictive systems developed for the general population

Frecuencia de fibrilación auricular en una amplia muestra de adultos jóvenes extraída de la población laboral española / Frequency of atrial fibrillation in a large sample of young adults selected from the spanish working population

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Asociación entre la mejora en el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular y los cambios en la incapacidad temporal: resultados del estudio ICARIA / Association between improvement in cardiovascular risk profile and changes in sickness absence: results of the ICARIA study

Introducción y objetivos: El propósito de este estudio es investigar si los cambios en el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) se asocian con la duración y los costes de la incapacidad temporal. Métodos: Se evaluó una cohorte prospectiva de 179.186 sujetos. Se calculó su RCV (SCORE) en 2 exámenes médicos consecutivos, separados aproximadamente 1 año (365 ± 90 días). Se categorizó el RCV en < 4% o ≥ 4% y se crearon 4 grupos de pacientes en función de los cambios en el RCV entre los 2 exámenes. Después de la segunda estimación, se realizó un seguimiento de 1 año para evaluar la incapacidad temporal. Las diferencias entre los 4 grupos en el recuento total de días de incapacidad temporal se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Tras ajustar por covariables, los sujetos que mejoraron su RCV tuvieron un menor recuento de días de incapacidad temporal que los que empeoraron su RCV y aquellos cuyo riesgo permaneció estabilizado en ≥ 4% (RR, 0,91; IC95%, 0,84-0,98). Comparados con los que no mejoraron el nivel de RCV, entre los que sí mejoraron más individuos habían dejado de fumar (+17,2%; p < 0,001) y habían controlado su presión arterial (+26,0%; p < 0,001), el colesterol total (+9,3%; p < 0,001), el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (+14,9%; p < 0,001) y los triglicéridos (+14,6%; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que la mejora del RCV se acompaña de una disminución de la incapacidad temporal en el seguimiento a 1 año (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in cardiovascular risk (CVR) are associated with the length and cost of sickness absence. Methods: A prospective cohort of 179 186 participants was evaluated. Each participant's CVR (SCORE) was assessed on 2 consecutive medical examinations, approximately 1 year apart (365 ± 90 days). Cardiovascular risk was categorized as < 4% or ≥ 4%, and participants were divided into 4 groups according to changes in their risk between the 2 assessments. After the second CVR estimate, a 1-year follow-up was carried out to assess sickness absence. Differences between the 4 groups in terms of the total count of sickness absence days during the follow-up period were tested using Poisson regression models. Results: After adjustment for covariates, participants who showed an improvement in CVR had a lower count of sickness absence days compared with both those who showed a worsening in risk and those who remained stable at ≥ 4% (RR, 0.91; 95%CI, 0.84-0.98). In comparison with participants whose CVR did not improve, more of the participants whose risk did improve had quit smoking (+17.2%; P < .001), and had controlled their blood pressure (+26.0%, P < .001), total cholesterol (+9.3%; P < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+14.9%; P < .001), and triglyceride levels (+14.6%; P < .001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that an improvement in CVR profile is accompanied by a decrease in sickness absence during a 1-year follow-up (AU)